Leaded Glass

Lead

• Straighten vs. stretch - test of the strength of came
• Corrosion - description of the various lead oxides and causes

Leading

• Waxing up - Assembly of cut and painted glass on a glass easel

Process

• Leading introduction - a guide from cutting lead to forming it.
• Squaring rectangular panels - ensuring panels have right angle corners.
• Starting -  which glass to start cutting, and which are the first pieces to lead
• Straightening the came - first make the came straight
• Stretching the came - Straighten vs. Stretch
• Dressing the came - https://verrier-processes.blogspot.com/2025/11/dressing-came.html
• Wide perimeter came - practicality and aesthetics
• Cutting came - some of the tools in use
• Border cames - establishing and completing the border cames 
• Mitred corners - how to mitre lead came corners
• Fitting the came to the cartoon - snugging the came
• Lead joints - butting - description of the process
• Tucking vs butting came - the tucking method described
• Weaving - alternating long and short lengths of came
• Fitting glass to the cartoon - making adjustments to the size and shape of the glass
• Inserting glass to the came heart - dressing the came
• Lead lengths - how to measure the length of the butted lead
• Growing panels - Ways to avoid expanding panels

Special techniques

• Acute angle junctions - cutting the heart from the came
• Acute angle representation - simulating right angles and points
• Small circles and tight curves - techniques to assist
• Bending wide cames - avoiding buckling of the came
• Tight curves - a way to get came to conform to the glass
• Radiating lines - avoidance in leading and foiling
• Quarry glazing - description and arrangement
• Decorative leading - acute angle joints, hanging leads, pointed elements, sculpting came, etc.

Panels

• Assembly - use of supports for irregular shapes
• Use of Leading nails - variety and use
• Leading circular panels - methods to contain panels while leading
• Leading-up boards - arrangements for moveable work boards
• Assembly of the leading board - battens or templates to hold the glass until soldered
• Growing panels - methods to maintain the original dimensions of the cartoon
• Refining edges - grozing and grinding
• Overlapping joints in paneled windows - arrangements for stacking panels in tall windows
• Hinges - designing out or reinforcing folding points of panels
• Encapsulating panels - notes on preparation of panels for incorporation into double glazing units
• Reinforcements - additions into or placed externally to help resist wind pressures
• Glazing bars - notes on the installation
• Tie wires - placing and installation
• Copper foil and lead in the same panel - ways of combining the two

Soldering

• soldering lead came - techniques
• soldering old lead - method and precautions

Cementing and finishing

• Cementing - the process from making to finishing the panel
• Darkening lead came - some methods of making the came dark
• Polishing lead came - a traditional method of finishing
• Trimming came - adjusting the perimeter came to fit the opening
• Framing - methods of framing autonomous panels
• Framing with lead - a method for strengthening perimeter leads
• Metal frames - metals for the frame of autonomous panels
• Metal strengths - comparative strengths  

Repairs

• In situ - guidance on glass replacement
• Bulging panels - the common areas where breaks in the leading occur
• Removing old cement - methods and safety
• Removing house paint from glass - commercial paint removers usually are appropriate
• Removing silicone - solvents for silicone
• Pricing - cost elements in pricing for repairs
• Removing stains from glass - the range of stans and some methods to remove them